@article{Wagner_2018, title={Information and Process Modeling for Simulation – Part I: Objects and Events}, volume={1}, url={https://jsime.org/index.php/jsimeng/article/view/2}, abstractNote={<p><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">In simulation engineering, a system model mainly consists of an </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">information model</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> describing a system’s state structure and a </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">process model</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> describing its dynamics, including its state changes. In the fields of </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Information Systems</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> and </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Software Engineering (IS/SE)</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> there are widely used standards such as the </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Class Diagrams</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> of the </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Unified Modeling Language (UML)</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> for making information models, and the </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> for making process models. This tutorial presents a general approach, called </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Object-Event Modeling (OEM)</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">, for Discrete Event Simulation modeling using UML class diagrams and BPMN-based process diagrams at all three levels of </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">model-driven simulation engineering</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">: for making conceptual domain models, for making platform-independent simulation design models, and for making platform-specific, executable simulation models. In our approach, object and event types are modeled as special categories of UML classes, random variables are modeled as a special category of UML operations constrained to comply with a specific probability distribution, and queues are modeled as ordered association ends, while </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">event rules</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> are modeled both as BPMN-based process diagrams and in pseudo-code. In Part II, we will discuss the more advanced OEM concepts of </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">activities</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> and GPSS/SIMAN/Arena-style </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Processing Networks</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">, while in Part III we will further extend the OEM paradigm towards agent-based modeling and simulation by adding the concepts of </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">agents</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> with </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">perceptions</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">, </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">actions</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> and </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">beliefs</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, ’Helvetica Neue’, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">.</span></p>}, journal={Journal of Simulation Engineering}, author={Wagner, Gerd}, year={2018}, month={May} }