TY - JOUR AU - Wagner, Gerd PY - 2018/05/15 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Information and Process Modeling for Simulation – Part I: Objects and Events JF - Journal of Simulation Engineering JA - JSimE VL - 1 IS - 0 SE - Tutorials DO - UR - https://jsime.org/index.php/jsimeng/article/view/2 SP - AB - <p><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">In simulation engineering, a system model mainly consists of an&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">information model</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">&nbsp;describing a system's state structure and a&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">process model</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">&nbsp;describing its dynamics, including its state changes. In the fields of&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Information Systems</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Software Engineering (IS/SE)</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> there are widely used standards such as the&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Class Diagrams</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">&nbsp;of the&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Unified Modeling Language (UML)</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">&nbsp;for making information models, and the&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">&nbsp;for making process models. This tutorial presents a general approach, called&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Object-Event Modeling (OEM)</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">, for Discrete Event Simulation modeling using UML class diagrams and BPMN-based process diagrams at all three levels of&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">model-driven simulation engineering</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">: for making conceptual domain models, for making platform-independent simulation design models, and for making platform-specific, executable simulation models. In our approach, object and event types are modeled as special categories of UML classes, random variables are modeled as a special category of UML operations constrained to comply with a specific probability distribution, and queues are modeled as ordered association ends, while&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">event rules</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">&nbsp;are modeled both as BPMN-based process diagrams and in pseudo-code. In Part II, we will discuss the more advanced OEM concepts of&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">activities</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">&nbsp;and GPSS/SIMAN/Arena-style&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Processing Networks</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">, while in Part III we will further extend the OEM paradigm towards agent-based modeling and simulation by adding the concepts of&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">agents</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">&nbsp;with&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">perceptions</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">,&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">actions</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">beliefs</em><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">.</span></p> ER -